The Paper Advantage: Why Physical Books Outperform Screens for Deep Learning


I recently saw on LinkedIn a repost by Tony Zeikle of Lightspeed of organizational psychologist and author Adam Grant:

"We learn more from reading on paper than on screens. 54 studies, 171k people: we process print more deeply than digital content as long as it's informational rather than purely narrative. The paper advantage holds across ages and has grown over time. Long live physical books."

This statement resonated with me, as I've always preferred the tactile experience of physical books. This preference might be generational, stemming from my upbringing with printed materials. However, scientific research supports that reading on paper enhances comprehension and retention, especially for informational content.

The Science Behind Reading Mediums

A 2019 meta-analysis by Virginia Clinton reviewed 33 studies involving 2,799 participants and found that reading from screens hurt reading performance relative to paper, particularly with expository texts.

Another meta-analysis in 2021 examined 39 studies with 1,812 children aged 1 to 8 years. It was found that children had lower comprehension scores when reading digital books than paper books unless the digital books included story-congruent enhancements supporting the narrative.

Why Does the Medium Matter?

Paper's superiority for reading comprehension stems from the following:

  • Cognitive Mapping: The physical layout of text on paper allows readers to form mental maps, aiding memory retention.
  • Reduced Distractions: Paper lacks the hyperlinks, notifications, and other distractions common on digital devices, facilitating focused reading.
  • Tactile Engagement: Turning pages provides a sensory experience that enhances engagement with the material.
  • Eye Comfort: Reading on paper reduces eye strain associated with screen time, allowing for longer, more comfortable reading sessions.

A Balanced Perspective

While I personally prefer paper, I acknowledge the convenience and accessibility of digital reading. E-books and online articles offer portability and instant access to information. However, the evidence suggests that paper remains the superior medium for deep learning and comprehension, especially with informational texts.

The research underscores the enduring value of physical books and printed materials in enhancing comprehension and retention. As we navigate an increasingly digital world, it's essential to recognize the contexts in which traditional media offer distinct advantages. Long live physical books - and physical newspapers, too!

Read more brief articles about public education from a former teacher, administrator, and recently retired superintendent on LinkedIn, Medium, WordPress, Substack, Blogger, Wix, X, or Instagram.

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